What is the overall effect of cortisol and epinephrine on glucose levels?

What is the overall effect of cortisol and epinephrine on glucose levels?

• A. Decreases it
• B. No effect
• C. Increases it
• D. Normalizes it

Answer: (C)

Cortisol and epinephrine both play significant roles in the regulation of glucose levels, particularly during stress responses. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, and it stimulates gluconeogenesis, the process by which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate sources, mainly in the liver. This action increases blood glucose levels over time.

Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is released during the 'fight or flight' response. It promotes the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis) in the liver and muscle to release glucose into the bloodstream, providing immediate energy for the body to respond to stress or danger.

Together, the actions of cortisol and epinephrine ensure that glucose availability in the blood is elevated, supporting immediate energy needs during times of physical or emotional stress. Therefore, the overall effect of both hormones is an increase in glucose levels, which is why this answer is correct.